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Patay-gutom... (PJI editorial 24 June 2005)

MGA tatlo sa bawat limang pamilyang Pinoy ang umamin na naghihirap sila—at 2 milyong pamilya ang sumasablay na sa pagkain nitong nakalipas na tatlong buwan, ayon sa ulat kamakailan ng Social Weather Stations.

Baka higit pa sa mga nailabas ng SWS ang bilang ng may umaalulong na sikmura sa bansa. Batay sa mga umiral na presyo sa taong 2000, iniulat ng Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) na kailangang gumugol ng P21 halaga ng pagkain ang isang Pinoy para makatawid-gutom araw-araw. Katumbas ng ganoong halaga ang tatlong pakete ng instant noodles na pumalit sa kanin at isda bilang pambansang pagkain.

Pinansin ng FNRI na nitong 2000, 21.2% -- halos isa sa bawat 5 Pinoy—ang hindi makapagpaluwal ng P21 araw-araw para maampat ang hagulgol ng kani-kanilang sikmura. Higit na mababa ang antas na naiulat ng SWS, 8.8% lang ng populasyon ang pilipit na sa gutom. Huwag nang ungkatin pa ang pagkakaiba sa mga naiulat na antas—sanhi ng tinatawag na kahihiyan, tahasang hindi mapapaamin ang Pilipino na siya ay patay-gutom.

Tinukoy ng mga bihasa sa kasapatan sa pagkain ang tatlong posibleng sanhi ng pagsaklot ng taggutom sa bansa.

Una, kulelat ang produksiyon ng pagkain sa mabilis na gawaan ng bata. Nitong 1990-1999, lumubo ang populasyon ng 2.3% taun-taon habang 2.1% lang ang taunang angat sa produksiyon ng pagkain.

Ikalawa, abot-kaya ang presyong bulto mula sakahan pero sandamakmak ang dumadagdag na patong-presyo sa tingi. P63 sangkilo ang manok mula nagmamanukan pero itinitingi sa P89 por kilo. P12 sangkilo ang bigas mula taniman pero angat sa P20 sangkilo sa tingian. Nabibili ng P10 por kilo ang carrots sa taniman, ititingi ng P25 o sobra pa sa dobleng presyo.

Ikatlo, laging kulelat ang kita ng mga namamasukan sa haginit na pagtaas ng mga presyo ng pagkain.

Isiniwalat ng SWS na karamihan sa mga pamilya ay hindi sapat ang kita habang 3.5% -- apat lang bawat 100 pamilya—ang nagsabing labis ang kanilang kita.

“Humahakbang sa kanilang sikmura ang mga pangkat ng mandirigma,” pansin ng dalubguro sa digmaan na si Sun Tzu.

Kaya hindi yata kakayanin ng populasyong Pinoy na maghimagsik at makipagsagupaan sa digmaan. Karamihan kasi sa kanila’y namimilipit na at tumitimbuwang na lang sa gutom.

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ABOUT three in every five Pinoy households said they are poor—and 2 million families had nothing to eat at least once in the past three months, according to latest survey results on hunger plied by the Social Weather Stations.

The number of howling empty stomachs and dirt-poor families may be more than these recent survey figures. Using 2000 prices, the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) reported that each Pinoy had to eat at least P21 worth of food a day to survive— or roughly the cost of three packets of instant noodles that has replaced rice and fish as the country’s staple food item.

FNRI also reported in 2000 that 21.2%-- about one of every five Pinoys – couldn’t turn up the P21 a day needed to fill in their growling stomachs. SWS reported a lower 8.8% of Pinoys said they went hungry. Never mind the discrepancy in figures— out of so-called kahihiyan or sense of shame, most Filipinos will not admit to being tabbed as patay-gutom, or literally dead from hunger.

Food security experts point to three possible reasons for the hunger that stalks the Pinoy populace.

One, population growth has outpaced food production. Say, from 1990-1999, population swelled yearly at 2.3% while agricultural growth was at a yearly average 2.1%. Has overproduction of food staples ever happened in this god-forsaken country?

Two, farm gate price may be affordable but add-on costs push up retail price to unaffordable levels. For instance, poultry raisers sell live chicken sells at P63 a kilo but is retailed at P89. From P12 a kilo off-farm price, rice can rise to P20 a kilo. A wholesale buyer procures carrots at P10 a kilo and retails these at P25 or more than double.

Three, household incomes have always lagged behind increases in food prices.

The SWS survey revealed that most households were running on deficit with a low 3.5 percent—nearly four in every 100—reporting a surplus of earnings.

“An army marches on its stomach,” asserts war sage Sun Tzu.

So, it seems the teeming Pinoy populace won’t be able to rise up in arms and fight. Most of them are already falling dead from hunger.





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